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J. bras. pneumol ; 32(supl.2): S17-S26, maio 2006.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-448624

ABSTRACT

Um grande número de agentes presentes no ar inalado, ambiental ou ocupacionalmente, pode causar sintomas e doenças das vias aéreas superiores. Infelizmente o estabelecimento do nexo causal entre os mais diversos tipos de exposições que podem desencadear essas doenças não faz parte da rotina dos profissionais da saúde afeitos a essa questão. Uma extensa lista desses agentes e suas relações com as atividades e o desencadeamento dessas enfermidades estão disponíveis na literatura. Destacamos as rinossinusopatias, as disfonias, as ulcerações e perfurações do septo nasal e o elevado número de neoplasias da cavidade nasal e dos seios paranasais, que podem estar associados às atividades laborativas. Os procedimentos diagnósticos para investigação da etiologia ocupacional, apesar de disponíveis, ainda são pouco utilizados rotineiramente. Geralmente o reconhecimento precoce do agente causal e o afastamento da exposição podem resolver o problema evitando sua cronificação, pois, como nas demais doenças respiratórias ocupacionais, os programas de prevenção e o controle são elementos imprescindíveis para o equacionamento dessas enfermidades.


A great number of agents found in inhaled air, whether in the environment or in the workplace, can cause symptoms and diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Unfortunately, establishing the cause-and-effect relationship between exposure to one of the various types of agents that can provoke such diseases and the diseases themselves is not routine practice among the health professionals involved. A comprehensive list of these agents and their relationships with the effects and onset of such illnesses is available in the literature. Chief among these ills are rhinosinusitis, dysphonia and ulceration/perforation of the nasal septum, as well as tumors in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses, all of which can be work related. Although widely available, diagnostic procedures for the investigation of occupational etiology are not yet routinely employed. In general, early identification of, and discontinuation of the contact with, the causal agent can resolve the problem, thereby averting the development of the chronic form of the disease. As with other types of occupational respiratory diseases, prevention and control programs are indispensable in the fight against these illnesses.


Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology , Nasal Septum/drug effects , Nasal Septum/injuries , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Occupational Diseases/prevention & control , Occupational Diseases/therapy , Olfaction Disorders/diagnosis , Olfaction Disorders/etiology , Olfaction Disorders/prevention & control , Olfaction Disorders/therapy , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/diagnosis , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/etiology , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/prevention & control , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/therapy , Sinusitis/diagnosis , Sinusitis/etiology , Sinusitis/prevention & control , Sinusitis/therapy
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